Biology

Biology is the branch of science that primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms. It’s a methodological study of life and living things.

Biology is the scientific study of life. It spans multiple levels, from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations12. All living things share common biological phenomena, such as reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.

Mycobacterium leprae- general characteristics, habitat and virulence factors

Mycobacterium leprae- general characteristics, habitat and virulence factors

Biology /

Mycobacterium leprae is a unique pathogen adapted to intracellular survival within human hosts, causing the chronic infectious disease leprosy. Its complex cell wall structure, ability to evade immune responses, and neuropathogenicity contribute to the diverse clinical manifestations observed in affected individuals. Understanding the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of M. leprae infection is crucial for developing […]

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Types of Forest in Nepal

Types of Forest in Nepal

Biology /

Nestled in the heart of the Himalayas, Nepal is a land of breathtaking landscapes, towering peaks, and a rich tapestry of diverse forests. These verdant havens, spread across various altitudinal zones, are not just a breathtaking sight but a vital resource for the country’s ecology, biodiversity, and human communities. Let’s delve into the fascinating world

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Lymphatic filariasis (W. bancrofti) transmission, Pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and treatment

Lymphatic filariasis (W. bancrofti): transmission, Pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and treatment

Biology /

Lymphatic filariasis imposes a significant public health burden, affecting over 120 million people globally, with about 40 million suffering from disabling conditions like lymphedema and elephantiasis. Efforts are ongoing to eliminate the disease through comprehensive control programs aiming to interrupt transmission and alleviate suffering in affected populations. Lymphatic filariasis (W. bancrofti) The parasitic worms Wuchereria

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Hookworm infection life cycle, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Hookworm infection: life cycle, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Biology /

Hookworm infection is a parasitic disease caused by two main species of hookworms: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. These parasites live in the small intestine of their host, where they attach to the intestinal wall and feed on blood, leading to various health issues. These hookworms are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in

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Phenylalanine deaminase test Principle, Requirements, Procedure and Results interpretations

Phenylalanine deaminase test: Principle, Requirements, Procedure and Results interpretations

Biology /

The phenylalanine deaminase test is a biochemical test used to identify bacteria that possess the enzyme phenylalanine deaminase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in bacterial metabolism, allowing them to break down the amino acid phenylalanine into phenylpyruvic acid and ammonia. Principle of the Phenylalanine deaminase test The PDA test leverages the specific enzymatic activity

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Precipitin reaction (The Ring Test) Principle, Requirements, Procedure, Observations and Results interpretation

Precipitin reaction (The Ring Test): Principle, Requirements, Procedure, Observations and Results interpretation

Biology /

Precipitin reaction, specifically the ring test, is a classic immunological assay used to detect the presence of antigens or antibodies in a sample. It is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction, which forms a visible precipitate. The absence of a ring suggests a negative reaction, indicating the lack of the specific antigen or antibody.

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Salmonella-Shigella Agar test Principle, Composition, Procedure, Results interpretation

Salmonella-Shigella Agar test: Principle, Composition, Procedure, Results interpretation

Biology /

The Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar is a selective and differential culture medium specifically designed for the isolation and identification of Salmonella and Shigella species from clinical specimens. These bacteria are notorious for causing foodborne illnesses, commonly known as salmonellosis and shigellosis. The SS agar employs a unique combination of ingredients that suppress the growth of unwanted

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DNA Microarray Principle, Types and steps involved in cDNA microarrays

DNA Microarray: Principle, Types and steps involved in cDNA microarrays

Biology /

What do you mean by DNA Microarray? In molecular biology, DNA microarrays, sometimes referred to as gene chips, are potent instruments that enable scientists to test thousands of genes’ expression levels at once. In essence, they are tiny labs on a chip that can produce enormous volumes of information regarding the activity of genes in

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