Biology is the branch of science that primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms. It’s a methodological study of life and living things.
Biology is the scientific study of life. It spans multiple levels, from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations12. All living things share common biological phenomena, such as reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.
The Snyder test, a simple and inexpensive microbiological assay, provides a measure of an individual’s susceptibility to dental caries (tooth decay). It relies on the principle that the presence of specific bacteria in the oral cavity, particularly lactobacilli, is a strong indicator of the potential for caries development. These bacteria ferment sugars, producing acids that erode […]
Molecular markers are DNA segments that correspond to certain sites in the genome. They are valuable tools in genetics, allowing researchers to find and track genetic differences across individuals or species. Their uses are many, ranging from medicine to agriculture and evolutionary biology. The following discussion introduces the various types of molecular markers and their
Plague, a historically terrible disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, remains a public health problem despite advances in medical technology. It is also known for its participation in some of the deadliest pandemics in human history and takes three basic forms: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic, each with its unique transmission mechanism and clinical presentation.
Plague: transmission, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology Read More »
Leprosy, often known as Hansen’s disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and testicles. While the disease is curable with multidrug therapy, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent permanent disabilities. It has extended incubation periods, which
Mycobacterium leprae is a unique pathogen adapted to intracellular survival within human hosts, causing the chronic infectious disease leprosy. Its complex cell wall structure, ability to evade immune responses, and neuropathogenicity contribute to the diverse clinical manifestations observed in affected individuals. Understanding the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of M. leprae infection is crucial for developing
Mycobacterium leprae- general characteristics, habitat and virulence factors Read More »
What is Gametogenesis? The process by which haploid precursor cells become gametes is known as gametogenesis. Differentiation programs produce two physically distinct forms of gametes (male and female) in mammals and higher plants. The germ line is a type of tissue that is produced by animals and is used to make gametes. The journey from
Gametogenesis in Plants: Sporogenesis and Gametogenesis Read More »
Nestled in the heart of the Himalayas, Nepal is a land of breathtaking landscapes, towering peaks, and a rich tapestry of diverse forests. These verdant havens, spread across various altitudinal zones, are not just a breathtaking sight but a vital resource for the country’s ecology, biodiversity, and human communities. Let’s delve into the fascinating world
Lymphatic filariasis imposes a significant public health burden, affecting over 120 million people globally, with about 40 million suffering from disabling conditions like lymphedema and elephantiasis. Efforts are ongoing to eliminate the disease through comprehensive control programs aiming to interrupt transmission and alleviate suffering in affected populations. Lymphatic filariasis (W. bancrofti) The parasitic worms Wuchereria
Hookworm infection is a parasitic disease caused by two main species of hookworms: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. These parasites live in the small intestine of their host, where they attach to the intestinal wall and feed on blood, leading to various health issues. These hookworms are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in
Hookworm infection: life cycle, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment Read More »
The phenylalanine deaminase test is a biochemical test used to identify bacteria that possess the enzyme phenylalanine deaminase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in bacterial metabolism, allowing them to break down the amino acid phenylalanine into phenylpyruvic acid and ammonia. Principle of the Phenylalanine deaminase test The PDA test leverages the specific enzymatic activity
