Biology

Biology is the branch of science that primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms. It’s a methodological study of life and living things.

Biology is the scientific study of life. It spans multiple levels, from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations12. All living things share common biological phenomena, such as reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.

Dracunculus medinensis: life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms,diagnosis and treatment

Dracunculus medinensis: life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms,diagnosis and treatment

Biology /

The Guinea worm, scientifically known as Dracunculus medinensis, is a parasitic roundworm that infects humans through contaminated water. This ancient scourge has plagued humanity for centuries, causing excruciating pain and disability. Understanding its life cycle, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations is crucial for effective control and eradication. Life Cycle of Dracunculus medinensis: A Tale of Two Hosts […]

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Leprosy transmission, pathogenesis and clinical features

Leprosy: transmission, pathogenesis and clinical features

Biology /

What is Leprosy? Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and testicles. While once feared and stigmatized, it is curable with multidrug therapy. Transmission It is spread through prolonged close contact with an untreated person

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Wuchereria bancrofti Morphology, life cycle and Epidemiology

Wuchereria bancrofti: Morphology, life cycle and Epidemiology

Biology /

Wuchereria bancrofti Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic roundworm responsible for lymphatic filariasis, a debilitating and often disfiguring disease affecting millions worldwide. Understanding its morphology, life cycle, and epidemiology is crucial for effective control and prevention. Morphology Wuchereria bancrofti, like other filarial worms, has a long, thread-like body. The adult female worm can reach up to

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Listeria infection (Listeriosis): virulence factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Listeria infection (Listeriosis): virulence factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Biology /

Listeriosis, caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, is a serious health danger, especially for pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and those with immune deficiencies. The bacterium uses a variety of virulence factors, including internalin (InlA and InlB) for cellular invasion, listeriolysin O (LLO) for phagosome escape, ActA for intracellular movement via actin polymerization, and phospholipases

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Leishmaniasis Visceral (kala-azar), Cutaneous, Lupoid and Mucocutaneous

Leishmaniasis: Visceral (kala-azar), Cutaneous, Lupoid and Mucocutaneous

Biology /

Leishmaniasis is a group of infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies. The disease manifests in various forms, each with distinct clinical features and severity: Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) The Most Severe Form: It, commonly known as kala-azar, is the most serious

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Measurement of bacterial growth using UV spectrophotometer

Measurement of bacterial growth using UV spectrophotometer

Biology /

Understanding bacterial growth is crucial in various fields, from medicine to biotechnology. One commonly used method for quantifying bacterial growth is through the use of a UV spectrophotometer. This technique relies on the principle that bacteria, like many other biological molecules, absorb light at specific wavelengths. What is Spectrophotometer? An equipment used in science to

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Dental caries susceptibility tests Snyder test

Dental caries susceptibility tests: Snyder test

Biology /

The Snyder test, a simple and inexpensive microbiological assay, provides a measure of an individual’s susceptibility to dental caries (tooth decay). It relies on the principle that the presence of specific bacteria in the oral cavity, particularly lactobacilli, is a strong indicator of the potential for caries development. These bacteria ferment sugars, producing acids that erode

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Plague: transmission, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology

Plague: transmission, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology

Biology /

Plague, a historically terrible disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, remains a public health problem despite advances in medical technology. It is also known for its participation in some of the deadliest pandemics in human history and takes three basic forms: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic, each with its unique transmission mechanism and clinical presentation.

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Leprosy: clinical diagnosis and treatment

Leprosy: clinical diagnosis and treatment

Biology /

Leprosy, often known as Hansen’s disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and testicles. While the disease is curable with multidrug therapy, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent permanent disabilities. It has extended incubation periods, which

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