Author name: Upshan

Difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

Difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

Biology /

Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Bacteria are divided into two main categories Gram positive and Gram negative based on how they respond to a Gram stain test. These groups differ primarily in their cell wall structure, which influences how they react to stains, their vulnerability to antibiotics, and their potential to cause disease. Gram positive Gram-positive […]

Difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria Read More »

Treatment, prevention and control of malaria

Treatment, prevention and control of malaria

Biology /

What is Malaria? Malaria is a dangerous disease caused by parasites mainly transmitted to humans through bites from infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. While substantial progress has been made in reducing mosquito diseases cases and deaths, it continues to be a significant health challenge, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Understanding how mosquito diseases is treated,

Treatment, prevention and control of malaria Read More »

Disordersdiseases caused by deficiency or over secretion of various hormonesDisordersdiseases caused by deficiency or over secretion of various hormones

Disorders/diseases caused by deficiency or over secretion of various hormones

Biology /

Hormones are essential for regulating the body’s internal systems, influencing everything from growth and metabolism to mood and reproduction. When the body produces too much or too little of certain hormones, it can lead to various health issues. Here, we’ll examine some common disorders that result from hormonal imbalances, whether due to hormone deficiencies or

Disorders/diseases caused by deficiency or over secretion of various hormones Read More »

Electrocardiogram (ECG): working principle, normal ECG wave, application of ECGElectrocardiogram (ECG): working principle, normal ECG wave, application of ECG

Electrocardiogram (ECG): working principle, normal ECG wave, application of ECG

Biology /

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Overview An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a test that measures the heart’s electrical activity. The heart’s muscles contract due to electrical impulses, and these signals can be detected through electrodes placed on the skin. The information from these electrodes is recorded as a graph known as an ECG. This test is painless

Electrocardiogram (ECG): working principle, normal ECG wave, application of ECG Read More »

Aminoglycosides antimicrobial activity, mode of action, mechanism of resistance and pharmacological propertiesAminoglycosides antimicrobial activity, mode of action, mechanism of resistance and pharmacological properties

Aminoglycosides: antimicrobial activity, mode of action, mechanism of resistance and pharmacological properties

Biology /

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that have been widely used since the 1940s to combat serious bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Examples of these antibiotics include gentamicin, streptomycin, and amikacin, which are frequently employed in treating conditions like sepsis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and pneumonia. Antimicrobial Activity Aminoglycosides are effective at

Aminoglycosides: antimicrobial activity, mode of action, mechanism of resistance and pharmacological properties Read More »

Rhizopus stolonifer morphology and reproduction of black bread mold

Rhizopus stolonifer: morphology and reproduction of black bread mold

Biology /

What is Rhizopus stolonifer? Rhizopus stolonifer, commonly known as black bread mold, is a widespread fungus often seen growing on carbohydrate-rich foods like bread. It’s well-known for its fast growth and the black spores that appear as it matures. Here’s a closer look at its structure and reproductive methods. Structure (Morphology) Rhizopus stolonifer is a

Rhizopus stolonifer: morphology and reproduction of black bread mold Read More »

Buffer, buffering capacity, properties of good buffer and role of buffer in vitro and in vivo

Buffer, buffering capacity, properties of good buffer and role of buffer in vitro and in vivo

Biology /

Buffer A buffer is a solution that helps keep the pH stable when small amounts of acids or bases are added. Buffers are essential in both biological systems and chemical reactions, helping to maintain a consistent pH in environments like the human body, lab experiments, and cell cultures. Typically, buffers are made from a weak

Buffer, buffering capacity, properties of good buffer and role of buffer in vitro and in vivo Read More »

Amies transport medium: composition, preparation and uses

Amies transport medium: composition, preparation and uses

Biology /

Amies transport medium is a crucial tool in healthcare for preserving and transporting clinical specimens, especially swabs, to laboratories for microbial testing. It ensures that microorganisms like bacteria remain alive during transit, enabling accurate diagnosis. Developed by J.R. Amies in 1967, this medium enhanced previous versions by offering better preservation for delicate pathogens. In this

Amies transport medium: composition, preparation and uses Read More »