Inflammation is a natural defense mechanism that the body uses to protect itself from infections, injuries, and harmful substances. It serves as an early response to help the body heal and recover from damage. Simply put, inflammatory response acts as a protective barrier, working to remove harmful stimuli and repair tissues. While it is a […]
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What is Muscular Tissue? Muscular tissue is crucial for movement and function within the human body. It enables actions like walking, breathing, pumping blood, and digesting food. There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Each type of muscular tissue is uniquely structured and serves specific functions. Let’s
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Cartilage and Bone Cartilage and bone are essential types of supportive connective tissue in the human body, each serving unique functions. Cartilage and bone tissues consist of an extracellular matrix that includes fibers and ground substance, which gives them strength and flexibility. Both Cartilage and bone tissues have the ability to grow and repair themselves,
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Define B- lymphocytes ? B-lymphocytes, commonly known as B cells, are a vital component of the immune system. These white blood cells are primarily responsible for defending the body against infections. The name “B-lymphocytes” comes from their development in the bone marrow (the “B” stands for bone marrow). One of their main functions is to
Innate and Acquired Immunity are two essential parts of the immune system that work together to defend the body against infections and diseases. Innate Immunity Innate immunity is the body’s first line of defense and is present from birth. It provides immediate, non-specific protection through various physical and chemical barriers, as well as immune cells
Introduction The immune system is the body’s natural defense against harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It relies on several specialized cells to detect, destroy, and remove these threats. These immune system cells can be grouped into four main types: lymphocytes, phagocytic cells, granulocytes, and dendritic cells. Each plays a unique and essential role
Cells of immune system: Lymphocytes, phagocytic cell, granulocytes and dendritic cells Read More »
What is Phagocytosis? Phagocytosis is the process by which immune cells engulf and digest harmful materials such as pathogens, dead cells, and other debris. This process is essential for eliminating invaders and preventing infections from spreading. The immune system uses various defense mechanisms to protect the body from harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, and other
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What is VDRL test? The VDRL test (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test) is a blood test used to screen for syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It’s a type of non-treponemal test, meaning it identifies antibodies produced by the body in response to cell damage caused by syphilis, rather than
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What is Normal Flora? Normal flora, also known as microbiota, refers to the community of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and viruses that naturally live on or inside the human body without causing disease. These microbes inhabit different parts of the body, including the skin, mouth, gut, respiratory system, and reproductive organs. While microorganisms are often
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What are Antibody? Antibody, or immunoglobulins (Ig), are Y-shaped proteins produced by the immune system to detect and neutralize harmful invaders like viruses, bacteria, and toxins, which are called antigens. Each antibody is specific to a particular antigen, fitting with it like a key fits into a lock. This process helps the immune system eliminate
