| Course Title : | Medical and Public Health Microbiology |
| Course No : | MB 403(Major) |
| Nature of the Course : | Theory |
| Full Marks : | 100 |
| Pass Marks : | 35 |
| Year : | Fourth year( 4th) |
| Total Lecture Hours : | 150 |
Course Objectives
After completion of this course Medical and Public Health Microbiology , the students will be able to:
- understand basics of epidemiology and health and disease measurements
- understand public health of infectious diseases
- understand the immunity process in human body
- describe biology, pathogenesis and diagnostic methods of bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites
Course Contents of Medical and Public Health Microbiology
A. Theory
The Theory courses for Medical and Public Health Microbiology,
| Medical and Public Health Microbiology |
| S.N | Topic / Chapter | Lecture Hours |
| 1 | Health and Disease and Epidemiological Measurements Definitions of epidemiology, applications of epidemiology, definitions of health and disease, indicators of health and disease, disease frequency measures (mortality, morbidity, incidence, prevalence, incidence density), measures of effect | 5 hrs |
| 2 | Methods of Transmission of Diseases Epidemic, endemic, pandemic, sporadic, outbreak, investigation of disease outbreaks, mode of transmission of diseases, chain of infection, cases, carriers, hosts | 6 hrs |
| 3 | Management of Diseases Disease prevention, control, elimination and eradication | 4 hrs |
| 4 | Drinking water Microbiology Types of water, safe drinking water, physico -chemical and microbiological parameters of water quality, biological indicators of water pollution, national and WHO guidelines for drinking water quality standards, principle and procedures of drinking water treatment for large water supply system, methods for monitoring water quality | 10 hrs |
| 5 | Waste Management Introduction, solid waste and its types, solid waste management, sewage and industrial effluents, composition and microbiology of sewage, methods for the treatment of waste water | 10 hrs |
| 6 | Microbial Air Pollution Introduction, methods of enumeration and identification of microorganisms in air (indoor and out door), indicator microorganisms of air pollution, air-borne diseases, air-pollution control | 6 hrs |
| 7 | Historical Background of Medical Microbiology Historical aspects of medical microbiology, major contributors in medical microbiology | 2 hrs |
| 8 | Normal Flora of the Human Body Normal flora of human body (skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, genito-urinary tract), opportunistic pathogens | 5 hrs |
| 9 | Immunity Process Types of immunity, cells and tissues of immune system, antigens, immunoglobulins and their types, antigen antibody reactions, hypersensitivity | 30 hrs |
| 10 | Safety Measures in Clinical Laboratory Principles of laboratories safety, decontamination and safe disposal of contaminated materials, biosafety level laboratories, risk and hazard group of microorganisms | 5 hrs |
| 11 | Methods of Specimen Collection, Transportation, Processing and Culture of Clinical Samples for Detection of Pathogens Cerebrospinal fluid, blood, sputum, urine, stool, other body fluids, pus and wound exudates, bacteria culture procedures, possible pathogens in different clinical specimens, maintenance of temperature and transportation of samples, culture of virus in chick embryo and cell lines, cytopathic effects, detection of virus from culture, serological tests for the diagnosis of viruses, samples for fungal infections, types of samples for parasite detection, sample processing and detection methods for blood, intestinal and tissue parasites | 8 hrs |
| 12 | Common Pathogenic Bacteria Biology, epidemiology of diseases/infections, diagnostic methods, prevention and control of: Mycobacterium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Rickettsia, Treponema, Clostridium | 18 hrs |
| 13 | Common Pathogenic Viruses Biology, epidemiology of diseases/infections, diagnostic methods and prevention and control of: Herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, measles virus, influenza virus, HIV, rotavirus, polio virus, rabies virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus | 18 hrs |
| 14 | Medically Important Fungi Introduction, classification, and characteristics of medically important fungi and yeasts Biology, infections, diagnostic methods, prevention and control of: Dermatophytes, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Candida, Cryptococcus | 8 hrs |
| 15 | Common Pathogenic Parasites Biology, epidemiology of diseases/infections, diagnostic methods and prevention and control of: Entamoeba, Giardia, Plasmodium spp., Wuchereria bancrofti, Leishmania spp., Taenia, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodanale | 15 hrs |
Recommended Readings for Medical and Public Health Microbiology
Here are some Text books and Reference books for Medical and Public Health Microbiology,
- Park K (2008). Park’s Textbook of Social and Preventive Medicine. 18th Edition.
- Gordis L (2004). Epidemiology, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Saunders.
- Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP (2006). Environmental Microbiology. Academic Press, Elsevier
Publication. - Cheesbrough M (2007). Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries Vol. 2 ELBS London.
- Tille P (2014). Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology (13th edition). Elsevier.
- Collee JG, Fraser AG, Marmion BP and Simmons A (1996). Mackie &McCartney Practical Medical
Microbiology (14th edition). Churchill Livingstone. - Greenwood D, Slack RCB and Peutherer J (2001). Medical Microbiology ELBS, Dunclude Livingstone.
- Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR (1993). Microbiology 5th edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
B. Practical For Medical and Public Health Microbiology
Medical and Public Health Microbiology Practical
| Course Title : | Medical and Public Health Microbiology Practical |
| Course No : | MB 404( Major) |
| Marks : | 20 |
| Nature of the Course : | Practical |
| Full Marks : | 50 |
| year : | Fourth( 4th) |
| Total Lecture Hours : | 180 |
Course Objectives
After completion of Medical and Public Health Microbiology Practical , the students will be able to:
- conduct analysis of environmental samples.
- perform field level tests for the diagnosis of diseases.
- collect, transport, and process the clinical samples for the diagnosis of microbial diseases.
Course Contents
The course contents of Medical and Public Health Microbiology practical,
| S.N | Topics / Contents |
| 1 | To Perform Bacteriological Examination of Drinking water Most Probable Number (MPN), membrane filter (MF) methods, physico-chemical parameters of water tests, DO, BOD, COD, residual chlorine, ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, sulphate, chloride, iron |
| 2 | To Demonstrate Water Treatment Station Field visit to water treatment station and report submission |
| 3 | To Assess Air Pollution Air microbes in indoor and outdoor environments |
| 4 | To Perform Rapid Diagnosis of Viral Diseases using Test kits HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, rotavirus |
| 5 | To Understand the Disease Reporting System of Nepal Visit to District Public/Health Office and report submission |
| 6 | To Demonstrate Safety Precautions in Microbiology Laboratories Demonstrate various safety measures and precautions to be taken in the laboratories |
| 7 | To Collect and Transport various Clinical Specimens Blood, urine, stool, sputum, swabs |
| 8 | To Perform Different Staining Techniques Gram’s staining, capsule staining, spore staining, Ziehl Neelson, Albert stain, Giemsa stain |
| 9 | To Prepare Different Culture Media and Monitoring their Quality Nutrient agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar, chocolate agar, SS agar, XLD agar, MSA, anaerobic culture medium |
| 10 | To Prepare Biochemical Media and Reagents for Identification of Bacteria MR test, VP test, citrate test, urease test, SIM test, indole test, O/F test, TSI/KIA. |
| 11 | To Differentiate Different Types of Bacteria from Biochemical Tests Carbohydrate utilization test, Nitrate reduction test, interpretation of the result |
| 12 | To Perform Enzymatic Test of the Bacteria Perform important enzymatic tests, coagulase test, catalase test, oxidase test, DNase test, Gelatin, Casein and lipid hydrolysis. |
| 13 | To Perform Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of the Bacterial Isolates |
| 14 | Serotyping and Molecular Typing of Medically Important Bacteria |
| 15 | To Demonstrate Serological Tests Rapid diagnostic test kits, ELISA, hemagglutination test |
| 16 | To learn Various Sample Collection Techniques for Diagnosis of Mycotic Infections Skin scrapping, nails clipping, sputum collection, hair plucking |
| 17 | To Prepare Fungal Culture Media Preparation of media; Sabouraud dextrose agar, potato dextrose agar, malt extract agar |
| 18 | To Detect the Fungi by Direct Microscopic Methods Detection of fungal elements: KOH preparation, iodine preparation, India ink preparation, lacto-phenol cotton blue staining |
| 19 | To Examine the Samples for Intestinal and Tissue Parasites Ascaris, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp. |