Biology is the branch of science that primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms. It’s a methodological study of life and living things.
Biology is the scientific study of life. It spans multiple levels, from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations12. All living things share common biological phenomena, such as reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.
Vitamin D, often called the sunshine vitamin, is essential for human health. Unlike most vitamins, our bodies can actually synthesize vitamin from sunlight exposure. It also comes from a few dietary sources. It plays a critical role in bone health, immune function, and cell growth Vitamin D Vitamin D is a unique nutrient as it […]
Vitamin D: Synthesis, regulation, biological roles, sources and deficiency Read More »
Antibody mediated immunity (AMI), also known as humoral immunity, is a crucial arm of the adaptive immune system, responsible for protecting the body from a wide range of pathogens, toxins, and foreign substances. Antibody mediated immunity relies on the production of antibodies, highly specific proteins produced by B lymphocytes, which bind to and neutralize antigens.
Vitamin E, a fat-soluble warrior against free radicals, plays a crucial role in maintaining good health. But where does it come from? How does it benefit us? And what happens when we lack it? Let’s delve into the fascinating world of vitamin E, exploring its biosynthesis, biological roles, and the consequences of deficiency. Vitamin E
Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Biosynthesis, Biological roles and Deficiency Read More »
Vitamin B complex is a collection of eight water-soluble vitamins that perform critical roles in cellular metabolism and overall physiological function. Vitamin B complex, Each of these vitamins has distinct structures and functions, but they frequently collaborate to sustain a variety of biological functions, such as energy production, red blood cell creation, and the health
Vitamin B complex: Structure, coenzyme forms and Biological roles Read More »
T cells, or T lymphocytes, are a critical component of the adaptive immune system. Their roles include identifying and eliminating pathogens and cancer cells, as well as orchestrating other aspects of the immune response. The journey of T cells from their origins to their final, mature functional states involves complex processes of maturation, activation, and
T-cell maturation, activation and differentiation Read More »
Oxidative phosphorylation, the final stage of cellular respiration, is a complex and highly regulated process that harnesses the energy stored in electrons to generate the energy currency of the cell – adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This intricate dance of electrons and protons across a specialized membrane is the cornerstone of life, providing the vast majority of
Oxidative phosphorylation: Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis Read More »
Single cell protein (SCP) is a fascinating and promising solution to the world’s growing need for food and feed. It’s essentially protein extracted from microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, fungi, or algae. This method offers a sustainable alternative to traditional protein sources, minimizing the pressure on land use and water resources. Substrate: The Building Blocks of
Single cell protein (SCP): Substrate and steps involved in production Read More »
Cell mediated immunity (CMI) is a critical component of the immune system that activates certain immune cells to combat infections, notably those caused by viruses, intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells. Cell mediated immunity does not use antibodies, but rather a variety of immune cells, especially T lymphocytes (T cells), to detect and eliminate infected or
Cell mediated immunity (CMI): Antigen Specific and Non-specific CMI Read More »
The world of microorganisms is a hidden treasure trove of powerful enzymes, like Microbial α and β amylase, that are revolutionizing various industries. These enzymes, produced by bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, are crucial for breaking down complex carbohydrates, particularly starch, into simpler sugars. α-Amylase: The Starch Degrader α-Amylase, a hydrolytic enzyme, is nature’s master of
Microbial α and β amylase- Production process and industrial applications Read More »
Microbial proteases are enzymes produced by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and yeast. These powerful enzymes break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, playing crucial roles in many industrial processes. They are nature’s tiny scissors, meticulously cutting protein molecules into useful pieces. Why Use Microbial Proteases? Efficiency and Specificity: Microbial proteases offer a cost-effective and
Microbial Proteases: industrial application and production process Read More »
