Biology

Biology is the branch of science that primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms. It’s a methodological study of life and living things.

Biology is the scientific study of life. It spans multiple levels, from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations12. All living things share common biological phenomena, such as reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.

O-Nitrophenyl-β-D-Galactopyranoside (ONPG) test: Principle, Procedure and Results

Biology /

O-Nitrophenyl-β-D-Galactopyranoside (ONPG) test is a simple and effective method for detecting β-galactosidase activity in bacteria. By providing a clear visual result based on color change, it aids in the identification and differentiation of bacterial species, especially within the family Enterobacteriaceae. O-Nitrophenyl-β-D-Galactopyranoside (ONPG) test O-Nitrophenyl-β-D-Galactopyranoside (ONPG) test detects the presence of the enzyme β-galactosidase in bacteria. […]

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Transplant immunology Types of graft, and transplant rejection

Transplant immunology: Types of graft, and transplant rejection

Biology /

What is Transplant immunology? Transplant immunology is the study of the complex interactions that occur between the immune system and donated organs or tissues is known as transplant immunology. Transplant immunology explores the intriguing realm of immunological reactions in the context of transplantation, both advantageous and harmful. Transplantation, the process of transferring living tissue or

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Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Properties, biosynthesis, biological functions and deficiency

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid): Properties, biosynthesis, biological functions and deficiency

Biology /

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes within the human body. It is a water-soluble vitamin that cannot be synthesized by humans, necessitating its intake from dietary sources. This comprehensive analysis will delve into the properties, biosynthesis, biological functions, and deficiency implications

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Vitamin D Synthesis, regulation, biological roles, sources and deficiency

Vitamin D: Synthesis, regulation, biological roles, sources and deficiency

Biology /

Vitamin D, often called the sunshine vitamin, is essential for human health. Unlike most vitamins, our bodies can actually synthesize vitamin from sunlight exposure. It also comes from a few dietary sources. It plays a critical role in bone health, immune function, and cell growth Vitamin D Vitamin D is a unique nutrient as it

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Antibody Mediated Immunity (AMI) Activation and mechanism of antibody mediated antigen removal

Antibody Mediated Immunity (AMI): Activation and mechanism of antibody mediated antigen removal

Biology /

Antibody mediated immunity (AMI), also known as humoral immunity, is a crucial arm of the adaptive immune system, responsible for protecting the body from a wide range of pathogens, toxins, and foreign substances. Antibody mediated immunity relies on the production of antibodies, highly specific proteins produced by B lymphocytes, which bind to and neutralize antigens.

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Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Biosynthesis, Biological roles and Deficiency

Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Biosynthesis, Biological roles and Deficiency

Biology /

Vitamin E, a fat-soluble warrior against free radicals, plays a crucial role in maintaining good health. But where does it come from? How does it benefit us? And what happens when we lack it? Let’s delve into the fascinating world of vitamin E, exploring its biosynthesis, biological roles, and the consequences of deficiency. Vitamin E

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Vitamin B complex Structure, coenzyme forms and Biological roles

Vitamin B complex: Structure, coenzyme forms and Biological roles

Biology /

Vitamin B complex is a collection of eight water-soluble vitamins that perform critical roles in cellular metabolism and overall physiological function. Vitamin B complex, Each of these vitamins has distinct structures and functions, but they frequently collaborate to sustain a variety of biological functions, such as energy production, red blood cell creation, and the health

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Oxidative phosphorylation Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis

Oxidative phosphorylation: Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis

Biology /

Oxidative phosphorylation, the final stage of cellular respiration, is a complex and highly regulated process that harnesses the energy stored in electrons to generate the energy currency of the cell – adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This intricate dance of electrons and protons across a specialized membrane is the cornerstone of life, providing the vast majority of

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Single cell protein (SCP): Substrate and steps involved in production

Biology /

Single cell protein (SCP) is a fascinating and promising solution to the world’s growing need for food and feed. It’s essentially protein extracted from microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, fungi, or algae. This method offers a sustainable alternative to traditional protein sources, minimizing the pressure on land use and water resources. Substrate: The Building Blocks of

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