Biology is the branch of science that primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms. It’s a methodological study of life and living things.
Biology is the scientific study of life. It spans multiple levels, from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations12. All living things share common biological phenomena, such as reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.
What is Three point test cross? A three point test cross is a method used in genetics to examine the arrangement of three linked genes on a chromosome and to measure the distances between them. It helps researchers understand how these genes are positioned relative to one another (gene order), calculate the distance between them […]
Hymenolepis nana, commonly known as the dwarf tapeworm, is a small parasitic worm that often infects humans, especially children. This tapeworm is unique because it can complete its entire life cycle within one host, making it easy for the parasite to spread and persist in infected individuals. Habitat Hymenolepis nana primarily resides in the small
Mendelian genetics refers to the principles of heredity first described by Gregor Mendel, a 19th-century monk and scientist who is considered the father of modern genetics. Mendel’s experiments with pea plants led to the discovery of fundamental laws that explain how traits are inherited from one generation to the next. His work established a framework
The chromosomal mechanism of sex determination is a fundamental biological process that dictates whether an organism will develop as male or female. Different organisms use various systems for determining sex, but all involve chromosomes—thread-like structures in cells that carry genes. In humans and many other species, the sex of an individual is determined by specific
Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasitic roundworm that infects humans and other animals. Unlike many other parasites, it has a unique life cycle that allows it to survive both inside and outside the body. Infection with Strongyloides can lead to a variety of symptoms, ranging from mild gastrointestinal issues to life-threatening conditions in people
Taenia solium is a parasitic flatworm commonly known as the pork tapeworm. It infects humans and pigs, and its life cycle involves both hosts. This worm can cause two distinct types of infections: taeniasis (intestinal tapeworm infection) and cysticercosis (tissue infection with larvae). In this summary, we’ll explore the worm’s morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical
Water is essential for life, but human activities generate significant amounts of wastewater that need proper treatment and disposal. Wastewater is the water that has been used and contaminated by industrial processes, domestic activities, or agriculture. Two major sources of wastewater are industrial effluent and domestic sewage. Understanding the nature, impact, and treatment of these
Wastewater; Industrial effluent and domestic sewage Read More »
The phyllosphere refers to the surface of plant leaves, which serves as a habitat for a diverse range of microorganisms. This aerial environment is home to various bacteria, fungi, and other microbes that play critical roles in plant health, disease, and even climate processes. In this article, we will explore the microbiology of the it,
Sewage, also called wastewater, is the used water that comes from homes, businesses, and industries. It contains a wide variety of substances, including human waste, food scraps, oils, soaps, chemicals, and anything else that goes down drains. To manage and treat wastewater properly, it’s important to understand its characteristics. These characteristics are typically divided into
Physical, chemical and Biological characteristics of sewage Read More »
What is Interferons ? Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by the body’s cells in response to viral infections, tumors, and other threats to the immune system. They serve as critical players in the body’s defense mechanisms, helping the immune system fight off infections and diseases. The name “interferon” comes from their ability to “interfere” with
Interferons (IFNs): types, mode of action and effects Read More »
