Biology is the branch of science that primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms. It’s a methodological study of life and living things.
Biology is the scientific study of life. It spans multiple levels, from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations12. All living things share common biological phenomena, such as reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is a fundamental concept in population genetics that describes the genetic variation in a population under certain conditions. It provides a mathematical model to study the genetic makeup of a population and to understand the forces that can cause changes in allele frequencies over time. What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ? Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium […]
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can affect how genes are turned on or off and can be influenced by various environmental factors. In plant biotechnology, epigenetics plays a crucial role in several areas, contributing to our understanding of
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Animal cell culture involves growing animal cells under controlled conditions, typically outside their natural environment. This process requires a range of equipment and materials to ensure the cells are maintained in a sterile, nutrient-rich environment. Below is a detailed explanation of the essential equipment and materials used in animal cell culture: Equipment used for Animal
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The origin of life on Earth has been a subject of scientific inquiry for centuries. Several theories have been proposed to explain how life began. Origin of life on Earth theories range from naturalistic explanations to more speculative ones involving extraterrestrial origins. Here are the main theories that support Theories of origin of life on
Preeclampsia Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by the development of hypertension and often proteinuria (excess protein in the urine) after 20 weeks of gestation. It can affect multiple organ systems and lead to serious complications for both the mother and the fetus if not properly managed. Clinical Features Complications: Pathophysiology: Management: Monitoring: Medications: Delivery:
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Bordetella pertussis Bordetella pertussis is a highly contagious bacterium responsible for whooping cough, a serious respiratory illness. It is a major global health concern, especially among infants and young children. Here’s a detailed look at its characteristics, virulence factors, pathogenesis, symptoms, treatment, and vaccination: Characteristics Gram-negative coccobacillus: This means it is a small, rod-shaped bacterium that stains pink
What is Mucormycosis? Mucormycosis, also known as zygomycosis, is a rare but serious fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. These fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and can be found in soil, decaying organic matter, and even in the air. While typically harmless to healthy individuals, mucormycosis can pose a significant
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Vermicomposting is a process that uses various species of worms, primarily earthworms, to decompose organic waste material into a rich, nutrient-dense humus known as vermicompost or worm castings. This method of composting is highly efficient and produces a high-quality organic fertilizer. Vermicomposting Vermicomposting is the process of using earthworms to decompose organic waste material into
The human body is host to a diverse array of microorganisms, which form the normal microbial flora. These microorganisms play crucial roles in maintaining health and preventing pathogen colonization. The skin and throat are two areas with distinct microbial populations. This guide provides detailed procedures for isolating and identifying the normal flora of these regions.
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Plasmids Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some other microorganisms. They exist independently of the main bacterial chromosome and are capable of replicating themselves. What is Plasmid replication? Plasmid replication is the process by which these plasmids make copies of themselves within the host cell. This process is essential for maintaining a stable
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