Biology is the branch of science that primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms. It’s a methodological study of life and living things.
Biology is the scientific study of life. It spans multiple levels, from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations12. All living things share common biological phenomena, such as reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.
Introduction The Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway is a metabolic route that is used as an alternative for producing energy from glucose or other sugars. Certain bacteria, archaea, and some other microorganisms utilize this pathway as a substitute for the more prevalent Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway (glycolysis). The ED pathway is especially vital in situations where alternate pathways […]
Introduction The Citric Acid Cycle, also referred to as the Krebs Cycle or TCA Cycle, is a sequence of chemical reactions that takes place in the mitochondria of cells. It plays a crucial role in cellular respiration. It occurs within the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells (or in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes) and is in charge
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Introduction to Physiology of digestion The physiology of digestion is all about how our bodies break down food, absorb the nutrients we need, and get rid of waste. It’s a complex process where food is turned into smaller molecules, allowing us to utilize those nutrients while discarding what we don’t need. To really understand the
The starch hydrolysis test is a straightforward microbiological method used to identify if bacteria can break down starch, a complex carbohydrate, into simpler sugars. This ability is due to the presence of an enzyme called amylase. Bacteria that produce amylase can digest starch into smaller sugar molecules, such as glucose and maltose. This test is
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Define Human Growth Hormone? Human Growth Hormone (hGH) is an essential protein that plays a key role in human growth and development. Produced by the pituitary gland, hGH supports growth in children and helps maintain tissues and organs in adults. However, when the body does not produce enough of this hormone, it can lead to
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What is Recombinant DNA? Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, also known as genetic engineering, involves modifying the genetic material of organisms by combining DNA from various sources to create new genetic sequences. Enzymes play a crucial role in this process by helping to manipulate DNA in different ways, allowing the creation and study of recombinant DNA.
Streptococcus is a type of bacteria that can cause a wide variety of infections in humans. While some strains are harmless or even beneficial, others can lead to minor or severe illnesses. Understanding how strep is classified helps distinguish between strains that are dangerous and those that are normally present in the body without causing
Define Human Immunodeficiency Virus? The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that specifically targets the human immune system, particularly CD4+ T cells, which are vital for immune function. Without treatment, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a severe condition where the immune system is weakened. To better understand how HIV works, let’s
What is mean by Southern Blotting? Southern blotting is a widely-used laboratory technique for detecting specific DNA sequences within a sample. First introduced by biologist Edwin Southern in 1975, it has become a key method in molecular biology to study genes, detect mutations, and perform DNA fingerprinting. The technique enables researchers to pinpoint a particular
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Mycoplasma is a unique group of bacteria known for its small size and unusual characteristics, often associated with diseases in humans and animals. Despite its simplicity, Mycoplasma’s biology is quite interesting. Let’s explore its habitat, morphology, culture, and biochemical features in clear terms.Mycoplasma is also called Pleuropneumonia-Like Organisms (PPLO) because they were first discovered in
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