Biology

Biology is the branch of science that primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms. It’s a methodological study of life and living things.

Biology is the scientific study of life. It spans multiple levels, from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations12. All living things share common biological phenomena, such as reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.

Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) or hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt

Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)/Hexose onophosphate (HMP) sunt

Biology /

Introduction The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also called the hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt, is an important process in our cells that changes glucose, a common sugar, into essential parts that our bodies need. This pathway makes NADPH, which helps protect our cells from harm, and ribose-5-phosphate, which is necessary for building DNA and RNA. Learning […]

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Simple staining technique

Simple staining technique

Biology /

Introduction Simple staining is a fundamental method in microbiology that is used to color bacteria, making them more apparent when viewed under a microscope. In contrast to more intricate staining techniques (such as Gram staining), simple staining utilizes just a single dye to emphasize bacterial cells, facilitating the observation of their shape, size, and arrangement.

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Acid-Fast Staining (Ziehl-Neelsen Technique)

Acid-Fast Staining (Ziehl-Neelsen Technique)

Biology /

Introduction Acid-fast staining, known as the Ziehl-Neelsen method, is a laboratory technique employed to detect bacteria that possess a waxy cell wall. This waxy coating makes it difficult to stain these bacteria using standard techniques. The bacteria most frequently requiring this technique are Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the agent of tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium leprae (the agent of

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Gram staining technique

Gram staining technique

Biology /

Gram staining is a technique employed to categorize bacteria into two primary groups depending on their cell wall composition: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Gram staining was initially created by a Danish researcher, Hans Christian Gram, in 1884. The primary purpose of the test is to observe how bacteria respond to a dye known as crystal violet,

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Difference between batch and fed-batch and continuous culture technique

Difference between batch and fed-batch and continuous culture technique

Biology /

Batch and fed-batch and continuous culture methods are methods of growing microorganisms, where batch culture involves growing microorganisms in a fixed volume of nutrient medium until it is exhausted, fed-batch culture adds nutrients at intervals to prolong growth, while continuous culture maintains a constant environment by continuously adding fresh medium as the medium is removed. These three methods of culture – batch and fed-batch and continuous culture –

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Difference Between Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Difference Between Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Biology /

Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) are essential metabolic pathways that take place in the cytoplasm of cells. Both participate in glucose metabolism, yet they have different roles, generate various products, and adhere to separate biochemical pathways. Glycolysis decomposes glucose to generate ATP (energy) and pyruvate, which can be utilized

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Cultivation technique of bacteria

Cultivation technique of bacteria: Batch, Fed-batch and Continuous culture technique

Biology /

Introduction Cultivation technique of bacteria refers to the techniques and procedures employed for the cultivation and upkeep of bacterial populations in a controlled environment, usually in a lab or industrial setting. The bacterial cultivation is a crucial process in fields like microbiology and biotechnology, as it involves growing bacteria for the creation of useful products

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