Antibody mediated immunity (AMI), also known as humoral immunity, is a crucial arm of the adaptive immune system, responsible for protecting the body from a wide range of pathogens, toxins, and foreign substances. Antibody mediated immunity relies on the production of antibodies, highly specific proteins produced by B lymphocytes, which bind to and neutralize antigens. […]
Oxidative phosphorylation, the final stage of cellular respiration, is a complex and highly regulated process that harnesses the energy stored in electrons to generate the energy currency of the cell – adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This intricate dance of electrons and protons across a specialized membrane is the cornerstone of life, providing the vast majority of
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Single cell protein (SCP) is a fascinating and promising solution to the world’s growing need for food and feed. It’s essentially protein extracted from microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, fungi, or algae. This method offers a sustainable alternative to traditional protein sources, minimizing the pressure on land use and water resources. Substrate: The Building Blocks of
Single cell protein (SCP): Substrate and steps involved in production Read More »
The world of microorganisms is a hidden treasure trove of powerful enzymes, like Microbial α and β amylase, that are revolutionizing various industries. These enzymes, produced by bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, are crucial for breaking down complex carbohydrates, particularly starch, into simpler sugars. α-Amylase: The Starch Degrader α-Amylase, a hydrolytic enzyme, is nature’s master of
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Microbial proteases are enzymes produced by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and yeast. These powerful enzymes break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, playing crucial roles in many industrial processes. They are nature’s tiny scissors, meticulously cutting protein molecules into useful pieces. Why Use Microbial Proteases? Efficiency and Specificity: Microbial proteases offer a cost-effective and
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Pectinase, a group of enzymes that degrade pectin, is a valuable biocatalyst with diverse applications in various industries. Microbial pectinase, produced by microorganisms, is the primary source for commercial production due to its cost-effectiveness and specific properties. What is Pectinase? Pectinase is a powerful enzyme, mostly produced by microbes, that breaks down pectin, a complex
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Paper chromatography, a simple yet powerful technique, is a widely used analytical method for separating and identifying components within a mixture. This technique relies on the principle of differential partitioning – the ability of different substances to distribute themselves differently between two immiscible phases: a stationary phase (paper) and a mobile phase (solvent). The Principle of Differential
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Imagine a detective investigating a crime scene. They collect clues, analyze evidence, and piece together the story of what happened. In the realm of epidemiology, we play a similar role, investigating the distribution and determinants of diseases in populations. However, our “crime scene” is the human body, and our clues are the unique characteristics and
Enzymes are the workhorses of the cell, orchestrating the biochemical reactions that sustain life. These biological catalysts speed up reactions by providing an alternative, lower-energy pathway, making life’s processes possible at a reasonable pace. But what happens when these vital enzymes are hampered in their function? Enter the world of enzyme inhibition. Enzyme Inhibition: A
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Meat, a nutrient-rich and perishable food, provides a feast for microorganisms that can quickly transform it from delectable to dangerous. Understanding how these tiny invaders work and how we can fight them back is essential for ensuring food safety and extending the shelf life of meat. Microbial Invaders: A Symphony of Decay Various microorganisms, including
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