What is Pulmonary air volume and capacities? Pulmonary air volume and capacities are measurements of the air that moves in and out of the lungs. They are important indicators of lung function and are often measured using a device called a spirometer. These measurements are used to diagnose and monitor respiratory conditions such as asthma, […]
When we talk about the properties of virus, we just mean what makes a virus the way it is and how it behaves. For example, a virus is super tiny, it can’t live or grow on its own, and it needs to get inside a living cell to make more of itself. It’s like a
What is virus? Viruses are unique microorganisms that cannot grow or reproduce on their own. Unlike bacteria, they lack the cellular machinery needed for replication. Instead, viruses must invade living host cells and hijack their biological processes to multiply. Virus cultivation is the lab process of growing these microscopic invaders under controlled conditions, giving scientists the
What is Ascaris lumbricoides? Ascaris lumbricoides is a type of roundworm that lives in the human intestine. It is one of the most common worms that infect people, especially in places with poor sanitation and hygiene. The disease caused by this worm is called ascariasis. It mostly affects children and can lead to a range
Ascaris lumbricoides: Morphology, life cycle, Pathogenesis, lab diagnosis and Treatment Read More »
A bacterial smear is a thin layer of bacteria placed on a microscope slide for staining and examination. This technique is vital because most bacteria are transparent and require staining to be visible under a microscope. Proper smear preparation ensures that bacteria retain their shape and arrangement, allowing for accurate observation. Materials Needed for Bacterial
The starch hydrolysis test is a straightforward microbiological method used to identify if bacteria can break down starch, a complex carbohydrate, into simpler sugars. This ability is due to the presence of an enzyme called amylase. Bacteria that produce amylase can digest starch into smaller sugar molecules, such as glucose and maltose. This test is
Starch hydrolysis test: objectives, introduction, requirements and procedure Read More »
Define Human Growth Hormone? Human Growth Hormone (hGH) is an essential protein that plays a key role in human growth and development. Produced by the pituitary gland, hGH supports growth in children and helps maintain tissues and organs in adults. However, when the body does not produce enough of this hormone, it can lead to
Production of human growth hormone (hGH) by recombinant DNA technology Read More »
What is Recombinant DNA? Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, also known as genetic engineering, involves modifying the genetic material of organisms by combining DNA from various sources to create new genetic sequences. Enzymes play a crucial role in this process by helping to manipulate DNA in different ways, allowing the creation and study of recombinant DNA.
Streptococcus is a type of bacteria that can cause a wide variety of infections in humans. While some strains are harmless or even beneficial, others can lead to minor or severe illnesses. Understanding how strep is classified helps distinguish between strains that are dangerous and those that are normally present in the body without causing
Define Human Immunodeficiency Virus? The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that specifically targets the human immune system, particularly CD4+ T cells, which are vital for immune function. Without treatment, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a severe condition where the immune system is weakened. To better understand how HIV works, let’s
