Author name: Upshan

Generalized transduction and specialized transduction

Generalized transduction and specialized transduction

Biology /

Generalized transduction is a biological process where a virus, called a bacteriophage, transfers DNA from one bacterium to another. This exchange of genetic material enhances the diversity within bacterial populations and plays an important role in their evolution and adaptability. Essentially, transduction allows bacteria to acquire new genes with the help of viruses, which can […]

Generalized transduction and specialized transduction Read More »

Biological parameters of water quality Biological characteristics of water

Biological parameters of water quality/ Biological characteristics of water

Biology /

Water quality refers to the overall condition of water, particularly its suitability for purposes like drinking, recreation, and supporting aquatic ecosystems. While physical and chemical factors—such as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen—are commonly assessed, biological indicators are equally important. These biological aspects focus on the organisms living in the water, providing a clearer understanding of

Biological parameters of water quality/ Biological characteristics of water Read More »

Chemical parameters of water quality Chemical characteristics of water

Chemical parameters of water quality/ Chemical characteristics of water

Biology /

Water Quality Water quality is vital for maintaining healthy ecosystems, ensuring safe drinking water, and supporting various industrial processes. Assessing different chemical parameters provides insight into the presence of harmful substances and the overall chemical nature of the water. Water quality refers to the condition or characteristics of water, typically in relation to its suitability

Chemical parameters of water quality/ Chemical characteristics of water Read More »

Eutrophication undesirable effects and control measuresEutrophication undesirable effects and control measures

Eutrophication: undesirable effects and control measures

Biology /

Eutrophication Eutrophication is an environmental challenge that has serious consequences for aquatic ecosystems. It occurs when excess nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, enter water bodies like lakes, rivers, and coastal areas. These nutrients typically come from agricultural runoff, wastewater discharge, and urban stormwater. While nutrients are vital for plant growth, their overabundance can trigger significant

Eutrophication: undesirable effects and control measures Read More »

Difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

Difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

Biology /

Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Bacteria are divided into two main categories Gram positive and Gram negative based on how they respond to a Gram stain test. These groups differ primarily in their cell wall structure, which influences how they react to stains, their vulnerability to antibiotics, and their potential to cause disease. Gram positive Gram-positive

Difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria Read More »

Treatment, prevention and control of malaria

Treatment, prevention and control of malaria

Biology /

What is Malaria? Malaria is a dangerous disease caused by parasites mainly transmitted to humans through bites from infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. While substantial progress has been made in reducing mosquito diseases cases and deaths, it continues to be a significant health challenge, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Understanding how mosquito diseases is treated,

Treatment, prevention and control of malaria Read More »

Disordersdiseases caused by deficiency or over secretion of various hormonesDisordersdiseases caused by deficiency or over secretion of various hormones

Disorders/diseases caused by deficiency or over secretion of various hormones

Biology /

Hormones are essential for regulating the body’s internal systems, influencing everything from growth and metabolism to mood and reproduction. When the body produces too much or too little of certain hormones, it can lead to various health issues. Here, we’ll examine some common disorders that result from hormonal imbalances, whether due to hormone deficiencies or

Disorders/diseases caused by deficiency or over secretion of various hormones Read More »

Electrocardiogram (ECG): working principle, normal ECG wave, application of ECGElectrocardiogram (ECG): working principle, normal ECG wave, application of ECG

Electrocardiogram (ECG): working principle, normal ECG wave, application of ECG

Biology /

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Overview An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a test that measures the heart’s electrical activity. The heart’s muscles contract due to electrical impulses, and these signals can be detected through electrodes placed on the skin. The information from these electrodes is recorded as a graph known as an ECG. This test is painless

Electrocardiogram (ECG): working principle, normal ECG wave, application of ECG Read More »