Author name: Sudan Pokhrel

Preeclampsia and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)

Preeclampsia and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)

Biology /

Preeclampsia Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by the development of hypertension and often proteinuria (excess protein in the urine) after 20 weeks of gestation. It can affect multiple organ systems and lead to serious complications for both the mother and the fetus if not properly managed. Clinical Features Complications: Pathophysiology: Management: Monitoring: Medications: Delivery: […]

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Vermicomposting - An Overview

Vermicomposting – An Overview

Biology /

Vermicomposting is a process that uses various species of worms, primarily earthworms, to decompose organic waste material into a rich, nutrient-dense humus known as vermicompost or worm castings. This method of composting is highly efficient and produces a high-quality organic fertilizer. Vermicomposting Vermicomposting is the process of using earthworms to decompose organic waste material into

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Isolation and Identification of normal microbial flora of skin and throat

Isolation and Identification of normal microbial flora of skin and throat

Biology /

The human body is host to a diverse array of microorganisms, which form the normal microbial flora. These microorganisms play crucial roles in maintaining health and preventing pathogen colonization. The skin and throat are two areas with distinct microbial populations. This guide provides detailed procedures for isolating and identifying the normal flora of these regions.

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae morphology, characteristics, pathogenesis, diseases, lab diagnosis, vaccine and treatment

Corynebacterium diphtheriae: morphology, characteristics, pathogenesis, diseases, lab diagnosis, vaccine and treatment

Biology /

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a serious bacterial pathogen because it produces a powerful exotoxin that can cause severe and potentially fatal illnesses such as respiratory and cutaneous diphtheria. The diphtheria toxoid vaccine is highly efficient in preventing the disease, and treatment consists of antitoxin therapy, antibiotics, and supportive care. Toxin detection, biochemical identification, and culture are

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Plasmid characteristics, types, functions and host range

Plasmid: characteristics, types, functions and host range

Biology /

Plasmids are adaptable genetic components that serve a variety of roles, including antibiotic resistance, metabolic adaptation, and virulence enhancement. Their capacity to move across bacteria and proliferate autonomously makes them essential instruments in molecular biology, biotechnology, and environmental science. Understanding its features, kinds, activities, and host range is critical for realizing their full potential in

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Different approaches for Fungal Disease Diagnosis Clinical, conventional and molecular approaches

Different approaches for Fungal Disease Diagnosis: Clinical, conventional and molecular approaches

Biology /

Fungal diseases can be challenging to diagnose due to their often nonspecific symptoms and the wide range of fungi that can cause infections. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Here’s an overview of clinical, conventional, and molecular approaches for diagnosing fungal diseases. Different Approaches to Fungal Disease Diagnosis Fungal diseases can be difficult due

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Rickettsia diseases Pathogenesis, Typhus fever group, Spotted fever group

Rickettsia diseases: Pathogenesis, Typhus fever group, Spotted fever group

Biology /

Rickettsia is a genus of obligate intracellular bacteria that cause a variety of diseases in humans. Rickettsia diseases infections are usually spread by arthropod vectors such ticks, fleas, and lice. Here’s a detailed look at the etiology of the two main Rickettsia disease groups: Typhus fever and Spotted fever. Rickettsia diseases Rickettsia diseases are infections

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External and middle ear infection otitis externa and otitis media

External and middle ear infection: otitis externa and otitis media

Biology /

Ear infections are widespread and can affect several areas of the ear, most notably the external (otitis externa) and middle (otitis media). Here’s an in-depth look at these disorders, including their classifications, causative agents, clinical symptoms, and diagnostic procedures. Ear infection Ear infections are inflammations or infections that can affect any portion of the ear,

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Eye infection types, causative agents, clinical symptoms and diagnosis

Eye infection: types, causative agents, clinical symptoms and diagnosis

Biology /

An eye infection is an inflammatory disorder caused by bacteria, viruses, fungus, or parasites that can produce redness, swelling, pain, discharge, and reduced vision, depending on the kind and degree of the infection. Eye Infections: Detailed Overview Types of Eye Infection 1. Conjunctivitis (pink eye) Causative agents Bacterial: Viral: Allergies: 2. Keratitis Types and Causative

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