Biology is the branch of science that primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms. It’s a methodological study of life and living things.
Biology is the scientific study of life. It spans multiple levels, from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations12. All living things share common biological phenomena, such as reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.
The chromosomal mechanism of sex determination is a fundamental biological process that dictates whether an organism will develop as male or female. Different organisms use various systems for determining sex, but all involve chromosomes—thread-like structures in cells that carry genes. In humans and many other species, the sex of an individual is determined by specific […]
Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasitic roundworm that infects humans and other animals. Unlike many other parasites, it has a unique life cycle that allows it to survive both inside and outside the body. Infection with Strongyloides can lead to a variety of symptoms, ranging from mild gastrointestinal issues to life-threatening conditions in people
Taenia solium is a parasitic flatworm commonly known as the pork tapeworm. It infects humans and pigs, and its life cycle involves both hosts. This worm can cause two distinct types of infections: taeniasis (intestinal tapeworm infection) and cysticercosis (tissue infection with larvae). In this summary, we’ll explore the worm’s morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical
Water is essential for life, but human activities generate significant amounts of wastewater that need proper treatment and disposal. Wastewater is the water that has been used and contaminated by industrial processes, domestic activities, or agriculture. Two major sources of wastewater are industrial effluent and domestic sewage. Understanding the nature, impact, and treatment of these
Wastewater; Industrial effluent and domestic sewage Read More »
The phyllosphere refers to the surface of plant leaves, which serves as a habitat for a diverse range of microorganisms. This aerial environment is home to various bacteria, fungi, and other microbes that play critical roles in plant health, disease, and even climate processes. In this article, we will explore the microbiology of the it,
Sewage, also called wastewater, is the used water that comes from homes, businesses, and industries. It contains a wide variety of substances, including human waste, food scraps, oils, soaps, chemicals, and anything else that goes down drains. To manage and treat wastewater properly, it’s important to understand its characteristics. These characteristics are typically divided into
Physical, chemical and Biological characteristics of sewage Read More »
What is Interferons ? Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by the body’s cells in response to viral infections, tumors, and other threats to the immune system. They serve as critical players in the body’s defense mechanisms, helping the immune system fight off infections and diseases. The name “interferon” comes from their ability to “interfere” with
Interferons (IFNs): types, mode of action and effects Read More »
Cholesterol Biosynthesis Cholesterol biosynthesis is the process by which the body makes cholesterol, a vital type of fat. This production happens mainly in the liver, where simple molecules are gradually transformed through a series of steps into cholesterol. Cholesterol is an essential molecule in the body. It is a type of lipid (fat) that plays
Protein Proteins are fundamental to life, acting as the building blocks of cells and performing a wide range of functions. Every process in the body, from digestion to muscle movement, involves proteins. To understand their diversity and importance, scientists classify proteins based on their structure, composition, and function. Let’s explore each classification of Protein in
Classification of protein; on the basis of structure, composition and function Read More »
Autoimmune Disease Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system, which is supposed to protect us from harmful invaders like bacteria and viruses, mistakenly attacks healthy cells in our body. Think of the immune system as a defense force whose main job is to recognize and destroy foreign invaders. But in autoimmune diseases, this defense
Autoimmune Disease: Mechanism of autoimmunity, Types and examples Read More »
