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Antigen processing and presentation Cytosolic and Endocytic pathway

Antigen processing and presentation: Cytosolic and Endocytic pathway

Biology /

Antigen processing and presentation are critical for the immune system to recognize and respond to pathogens. Antigen processing involves the breakdown of antigens into peptides and their presentation on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. There are two main pathways for antigen processing and presentation: the cytosolic (endogenous) pathway […]

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Primary cell culture-Preparation of primary chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) culture

Primary cell culture-Preparation of primary chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) culture

Biology /

Primary cell culture refers to the process of isolating and culturing cells directly from a living organism or tissue sample. Primary cultures are valuable tools for studying cell behavior, function, and interactions in a controlled laboratory environment. Primary cell culture Primary cell culture refers to the process of isolating cells from a tissue source (such

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Salmonella morphology, antigenic structure, cultural and biochemical characteristics

Salmonella: morphology, antigenic structure, cultural and biochemical characteristics

Biology /

Salmonella is a genus of bacteria that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is known for causing infections in humans and animals, commonly referred to as salmonellosis. Salmonella Salmonella is a significant pathogen responsible for a range of illnesses in humans and animals. Understanding its characteristics, modes of transmission, and prevention strategies is crucial for

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Shigella antigenic structure, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests

Shigella: antigenic structure, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests

Biology /

Shigella is a genus of Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria that are known for causing shigellosis, a form of severe bacterial dysentery. The genus belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is closely related to Escherichia coli Shigella Shigella is a genus of Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria that are known for causing shigellosis, a form of severe

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Microbial Chitinase production process and applications

Microbial Chitinase: production process and applications

Biology /

Microbial chitinases are valuable enzymes produced through optimized fermentation processes involving the selection of efficient microorganisms, culture condition optimization, and advanced purification techniques. Their applications span agriculture, waste management, medicine, food, and biotechnology, making them crucial for sustainable and innovative solutions in various industries. Microbial chitinase Microbial Chitinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis

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Protein purification and characterization

Protein purification and characterization

Biology /

Protein purification and characterization are essential steps in studying the structure, function, and behavior of proteins. These processes involve isolating a specific protein from a complex mixture, and then analyzing its properties to understand its biological significance. Protein Purification There are several methods for protein purification, including chromatography, electrophoresis, and affinity purification. Each method has

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