Biochemical Test of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus

Biochemical Test of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus

Biochemical tests are used to identify Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus by analyzing its metabolic properties. These tests can help differentiate it from other Campylobacter species and subspecies. However, it’s important to note that biochemical tests for C. fetus subsp. fetus have limitations and should ideally be used in conjunction with other methods for definitive identification.

Definition of Campylobacter fetus

Campylobacter fetus is a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Campylobacter of the phylum Campylobacteria. It’s a microaerophilic organism, meaning it requires oxygen for growth but at a lower concentration than most other bacteria. Campylobacter bacteria are known for their characteristic curved or spiral shape, and C. fetus is no exception. They are also motile, meaning they have flagella that allow them to move around. Campylobacter fetus is relatively fragile and can be easily killed by drying out or exposure to high temperatures.

Morphology and Identification

The “S-shaped” morphology of C. fetus is distinctive, bearing resemblance to slender, helical spirochaetes. An S-layer of unique crystalline surface proteins envelops it. The bacterium is microaerophilic, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, and non-spore-forming. The motility of this species allows for genus identification based on its distinctive corkscrew-like movement. Aseptic sample collection, culture, and maybe other biochemical and molecular techniques are essential for the identification of C. fetal.12.

Diseases and Transmission

The main cause of reproductive disorders in ruminants (such infertility in cattle) is C. fetus subspecies venereal is. Human gastrointestinal disorders are linked to the C. fetus subspecies fetal (mostly through zoonotic transmission via contaminated food or water sources). Rather than enteritis, it can induce meningitis, aortic aneurysms, and infective endocarditis in humans.

Biochemical Test of Campylobacter fetus

Catalase test

A positive result is anticipated because catalase is normally produced by Campylobacter species.

Oxidase Test

N, ′, N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine is one reagent that can be used to detect Campylobacter species, which are oxidase-positive and produce the enzyme oxidase.

Growth at 42°C

42°C can be utilized as a selective growth condition for Campylobacter species, including C. fetus subsp. fetal, which normally grows well at this temperature.

Hippurate Hydrolysis Test

Hippurate hydrolysis is typically positive in Campylobacter species, including C. fetus. In this test, the enzyme hippuricase hydrolyzes Hippurate to produce benzoic acid and glycine. When a reagent like ninhydrin is added, the presence of a blue color indicates a successful outcome.

Indoxyl Acetate Hydrolysis Test

When indoxyl acetate is broken down by the enzyme indoxyl acetate esterase, it turns blue. Campylobacter species are frequently found to be hydrolyzed.

Growth in the Presence of 1% Glycine and 1% Sodium Bicarbonate

A selective medium containing 1% glycine and 1% sodium bicarbonate is generally conducive to the growth of Campylobacter species.

Test for movement

Under dark-field microscopy, campylobacter species usually show a darting or corkscrew-like movement. Campylobacter species typically test negative for nitrate reduction in the nitrate reduction test.

Test for Urease Production

Campylobacter species typically produce no urease.

Microscopic Examination

Curved or spiral-shaped rods are the usual appearance of Campylobacter species under a microscope.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Campylobacter fetus?

Campylobacter fetus is a bacterial species within the genus Campylobacter. It is known for causing infections in both humans and animals, primarily affecting the reproductive and gastrointestinal systems.

How does Campylobacter fetus affect the agricultural industry?

In the agricultural sector, Campylobacter fetus, especially C. fetus subsp. venerealis, is significant due to its impact on cattle reproductive health, leading to economic losses from decreased fertility, abortions, and compromised animal health.

What is the public health significance of Campylobacter fetus?

Campylobacter fetus, particularly C. fetus subsp. fetus, is of public health concern due to its potential to cause severe infections in humans, especially in those with weakened immune systems. Its presence in the food supply underscores the need for stringent food safety practices.

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