Neha Khadka - Best Biology Notes, Reference, Articles

Cary-Blair transport medium: composition, preparation and uses

Cary-Blair transport medium is a specialized solution used to preserve and transport stool specimens, particularly for the isolation of enteric (intestinal) pathogens such as bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio). Its purpose is to maintain the viability of these pathogens during transport to the laboratory for further analysis.This medium is particularly useful for bacteria like Shigella, […]

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Cystic Fibrosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Biology / Neha Khadka

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic, progressive genetic disorder that affects the exocrine glands, leading to the production of abnormally thick and sticky mucus. This mucus can clog the airways and ducts in various organs, particularly the lungs and digestive system, causing a range of symptoms and complications. Cystic Fibrosis Key Characteristics Genetic Basis Impact

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Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)- Mad Cow Disease

Biology / Neha Khadka

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as Mad Cow Disease, is a progressive neurological disorder in cattle caused by prions, which are misfolded proteins that can induce other proteins to misfold as well. It was first identified in the United Kingdom in the mid-1980s and subsequently led to a major public health scare due to

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Butyric Acid Fermentation- Definition, Principle, Steps, Uses

Biology / Neha Khadka

Butyric Acid Fermentation is an interesting process that is fueled by some bacteria that decompose carbohydrates without oxygen. The main byproduct of this anaerobic process, which is essential to both human and animal digestive systems, is butyric acid. Anaerobic fermentation of butyric acid occurs when specific bacteria break down carbohydrates, like glucose, into butyric acid,

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Breathing vs Respiration: 15 Key Differences, Examples

Biology / Neha Khadka

Breathing vs Respiration fall under distinct but related categories in the context of biological processes. The mechanics of airflow into and out of the lungs are the main physiological processes involved in breathing. It includes the physical processes of breathing in and breathing out, which are powered by the organs of the respiratory system, including

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Biosphere: Origin, Components, Importance, Examples

Biology / Neha Khadka

“Biosphere” was coined by the geologist Eduard Suess in 1875, but the notion has changed throughout time. It refers to the global aggregate of all ecosystems, incorporating all living beings and their connections, including their interaction with elements of the lithosphere (earth), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air). It is estimated to have formed about 3.5

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Biological Databases- Types and Importance

Biology / Neha Khadka

Biological databases are resources for the archiving, retrieval, and analysis of biological data These databases are carefully selected repositories of data about different biological phenomena, including proteins, metabolites, genes, and their interactions. Modern biological research generates enormous amounts of data, which require sophisticated databases to organize and interpret. An overview of the many kinds of

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Biochemical Test of Streptococcus pyogenes

Biology / Neha Khadka

Streptococcus pyogenes Gram-positive is a major human pathogen that causes a range of infections from pharyngitis (strep throat) to more serious conditions like rheumatic fever and necrotizing fasciitis. Several biochemical assays are used in clinical laboratories to reliably identify S. pyogenes. Group A Streptococcus (GAS), or Streptococcus pyogenes, is an important pathogen that causes a

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Bordetella pertussis- An Overview

Biology / Neha Khadka

Bordetella pertussis is the Gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium is the source of whooping cough, or pertussis. This extremely contagious respiratory illness is especially harmful to newborns and young children and is typified by violent coughing episodes. The rod-shaped, coccoid, or ovoid Gram-negative bacteria Bordetella pertussis is encapsulated and does not release spores. Its estimated size is

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Blastomyces dermatitidis- An Overview

Biology / Neha Khadka

Blastomyces dermatitidis is the cause of blastomycosis, a systemic pyogranulomatous illness that mostly affects the lungs but can also spread to the skin, bones, and central nervous system. The dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis grows as a yeast at 37°C and as a mycelial form at room temperature. Although not much is known about these species,

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Author name: Neha Khadka